The Count Who Ran Away

Imaginary portrait of Raymond IV of Toulouse, by Merry-

Joseph Blondel, 1840s, Salles de Croisades, Versailles.

          Raymond IV of Toulouse, also called Raymond Saint-Gilles, was one of the first to respond to the call of Pope Urban to travel to Jerusalem to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. He was born in 1041 or 1042 and was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Margrave of Provence. He was the oldest and richest of the leaders of the First Crusade, for which he left in 1096.
          When rumors spread that the city of Antioch was deserted by the Seljuk Turks Raymond took his own army to occupy it. This infuriated Bohemond of Taranto, the official leader of the crusade who had wanted it for himself. It turned out the Turks still occupied the city, however, and only after a long siege could the Crusaders take it. It was 1098, and soon thereafter Raymond became ill and was unable to fight when the Turks laid their own siege to the city. It was during this period that a monk named Bartholomew had a vision of the lance that had been used by a Roman soldier to pierce Jesus Christ's side while on the cross, which he said was buried deep under the floor of a church in Antioch. When the floor was lifted and the dirt under it excavated, there was indeed an old lance buried there, which heartened the Crusaders when the siege was most severe. Their morale was raised by the miracle, and they were able to route the Turks.
          The remainder of the First Crusade was characterized by rivalries between Raymond and Bohemond and other leaders. Bohemond seized and held onto Antioch, while Raymond refused the crown of the Kingdom of Jerusalem when it was offered to him. He took advantage of the hostility against Bohemond that the latter caused by breaking his agreements with the Byzantine Emperor Alexius, Raymond allied himself with Constantinople.
          That was where the Crusade of 1101 found him. While the Christians had control of much of the Holy Land, including Jerusalem, they were beset by Muslim forces, and called upon the new Pope Paschal to send more armies to defend their sovereignty. A variety of forces arrived in Byzantium, and Alexius made Raymond their leader. The single largest group was made up of non-combatants from Lombardy. They were devoted to Bohemond, who had in the meantime been captured and imprisoned in the northeast of Turkey. The Lombards demanded that Raymond free Bohemond, which was about the last thing he wanted to do. He was forced to comply because the combined forces would not have been able to defend themselves on their trek to the Holy Land if the sizable force of Lombards left them. By the time the crusaders arrived at the Plain of Merzifon, they were thirsty and starving. They encountered the Turks there. The battle went so badly for the crusaders that Raymond deserted them, followed by the other leaders of the crusade, with the result that the Lombards and most of the other soldiers left behind were massacred by the Turks. Raymond returned to Constantinople where he discovered he had lost the friendship of the Emperor for failing to fulfill promises he made.
          He sailed to Antioch in 1102 where he was promptly arrested for deserting the pilgrims at Merzifon and failing to rescue Antioch's ruler, Bohemond by Tancred, who was temporarily in charge. He was released when he promised no further aggression against Antioch, but with Alexius's renewed help he attempted just that. He died in 1105 before his coveted Tripoli was captured.

Cartoon: Alexius to Raymond, "I thought we understood

each other.  Toulouse is your name, not yoru quest."

Raymon of Toulouse is a character in nan hawthorne's Beloved Pilgrim which tells the story of the doomerd Crusade of 1101.  See book on left.

Making light of the Dark Ages: Identifying Harold's Body

Edith Swanneck visits the Hastings battlefield to identify the dismembered body of Harold Godwinson.

"That bit looks like Harold.  Oh, and

that one one over there.  Which one?

Oh yes, that one is Harold too.  That? 

I don't know who that is."

Hood-winked: A Quartet of Robins and Marians

I am re-posting this article which has seen the light of day at least twice before because one of the novels mentioned is the sequel to novel I am reading now.. and being knocked off my feet by, Jennifer Roberson's Lady Of The Forest. More about that in the next post. In the meantime, I invite you to be Hood-winked again.

Originally posted 10/22/08.
Being as the 1950s British television series The Adventures of Robin Hood was what brought me to adore medieval England, it has been of some interest to me that books I have been reading of late have Robin Hood as a character. What's more, each of the portrayals has been so unique, I just can't prevent myself from writing about this. I know there are many more examples, and I would love to hear about them in the comments to this post. These four are just my latest encounters of a divres kind.

Lady of Sherwood
Jennifer Roberson
Kensington (August 1, 2000)

The sequel to Lady Of The Forest has Marian living tenuously in her father's manor just as Robin comes home from the Crusade just after King Richard's death. This is the standard Robin Hood, portrayed as a historical character but sensitively and appealingly. To put it another way, he's a real guy and a nice one at that. He fights the bad guys and wins and his Merry Men are there as loyal friends of both him and Marian. Lots of romance.

Shield of Three Lions: A Novel
Pamela Kaufman
Three Rivers Press (July 23, 2002)

Robin and Marian are minor characters in this one, but would they leave an impression? Sure would! (Sorry..) The heroine/hero/heroine comes back to England after spending, um, time with King Richard in the Holy Land, and on her journey is waylaid by Merry Men north of Nottingham. First she meets Marian, installed in a sweet little cottage, quite the airhead, telling her about how Robin and she are betrothed but that he believes in abstinence before marriage. Of course, when the heroine meets the guy later that evening he puts moves on her, revealing himself as quite the cad, a womanizer taking advantage of superstardom. Not a nice guy, unless you like that sort of thing. I have to admit to having my sensibilities offended -- not all that seriously -- with this rather casual portrayal of my hero.

Pride of Kings
Judith Tarr
Roc Trade (September 5, 2001)

This is one of Judith Tarr's "say what?" novels, fantasies where cultural expectations -- at least mine -- get mind-boggled. I had read her earlier book, Rite of Conquest, in which she portrays William of Normandy as the, ahem, savior of Britain, and Harold Godwinson, a personal favorite of mine, as the feckless (her word) champion of keeping England in chains... say what?! In this one, King John is the Good Guy.. again say what?! I had thought the one commonplace in historical fiction was that John was always a jerk. I have to say though that Tarr's fantasies are quite well done, engaging, and in this one she did a wonderful job with John, making him the Good Guy but not a nice guy.

But I digress... Robin Hood in this one is a three foot tall pointy toothed leader of the wild magic that wants to destroy the worlds -- all of them.. no mention of Marian, fortunately for her I think. He is clearly a nasty S.O.B. and his Men not only not Merry but not even MEN.. humans, that is.

The White Cutter
Davidson Pownall
Random House Value Publishing (February 22, 1992)

Now this book gives us the most peculiar Hood of all.. not Robin, as he is only called "Hood" here and there is no sign of Marian whatsoever. The story itself is about a young boy who is a mason, and a Freemason, and how he is manipulated as part of an experiment by the four "true rulers" of England.. interestingly, Tarr's books also have a Four Guardians. The comparison ends there, as here they are King Henry III, Simon de Montfort, the Bishop of Lincoln Robert Grossteste, and Henry de Rains, the King's mason. The writing is lovely, with lots of architectural terms used in a literary way.

But as soon as Hedrick enters Sherwood, it gets weird -- and I don't mean "wyrd". At first I thought what I was going to say in this article was that Hood turns out to be some kind of guru who has his rather socialist society doing a Cult of Personality gig. For instance, he is conducting social engineering experiements with how many wives is the correct number. Then you find something out.. spoiler here, so read on at your risk.. that Sherwood is the king's secret second kingdom, starting with Henry II, and his character changes with the character of each King. Henry III is part of this cabal of social experimenters trying to seed a new world order of architecture that will lead to peace and joy and other good stuff. The experiments are reminiscent of Nazi concentration camps.. and Hood is the cold-blooded Wizard of Oz. Pay no attention to the King behind the curtain.

From a legend made flesh, to something out of Playboy, to a beastlike demon, and finally to a sort of medieval Dr. Memgele, you gotta admit the guy sure tickles authors' imaginations. As I tried to pull every live body in my neighborhood to play Robin Hood with me - I was Robin, of course - I certainly never suspected my lifelong hero would be put through this many changes!

AnotherHistorical Shaggy Dog Story

I pride myself on my ability to write these up and provide a cartoon illustration. It is a wise thing to take pride in simple pleasures, n'est-ce pas?

Pompeia, the wife of the great Roman general Julius Caesar, was well known for her beauty and her matronly virtues. But did you know she was also known far and wide for a remarkable berry she owned that had been passed from generation to generation in her family and was said to have been given to her distant ancestor by Ceres, the Earth Goddess, herself?

Yes, it was an astonishing piece of fruit, a huge, purple, shiny blackberry that pulsated with light. People came from all parts of the Roman Empire just to see Pompeia's berry. To accommodate the crowds, Julius Caesar caused a marble shrine to be built with open sides so that all who came could regard the berry where it sat on its gold and marble pedestal.

Every day people would come to gaze at the magnificent blackberry, and they would shout,

"How beautiful it is!"

"How large it is!"

"Blessings on the honorable house of she who owns the admirable berry!"

One night, long after viewing hours, the priestess who looked after the berry heard a sound of sandals on the marble floor of the shrine that housed Pompeia's berry.

"That is odd,' she thought. "Everyone knows that visiting hours are day time only." She went to accost the trespasser and tell him to come back during the day.

She found a man standing by the berry's pedestal. Ye gods! He had the berry right in the palm of his hand!

The priestess called to the man, "Sir, put down that berry! You may not touch it. Come back during viewing hours. Then you may look at Pompeia's berry all you wish and join in on the clamor of praise for the sacred fruit.."

The man turned to her with an evil gleam in his eye. "Foolish woman! I came to seize her berry, and not to praise it!"

And he put it in a sack and ran away.

---

Making Light of the Dark Ages: Buried Saxon Treasure

Another Nan Hawthorne cartoon.

And You Thought Braveheart Was Bad...

     I am one of many historical novelists who rolled her eyes and cried "Welladay!" watching the movie Bravehearrt with its wildly fanciful and downright irritating historical inaccuracies. No, William Wallace was not the father of Edward III... I know someone who was told that her recounting of the execution on Blacklow Hill of Piers Gaveston could not be accurate because everyone knows Patrick McGoohan threw him out a window. Read the Randall Wallace novel... it's just as bad, and he admits it's all fantasy and that he thinks it should have happened the way he said, not how it really did. Tell Gaveston that! Heck, tell Isabella that! "Mais non, I will not couchez avec this smelly blue Scottish man!"
     But... given the choice I would rather the kids I know got their history from movies like Braveheart... than from video games.
   That's one thing I learned during my little "Battle of Hastings" party with the neighborhood boys that I wrote about in yesterday's blog. Throughout the video two or three of them kept telling me about scenes in games the movie reminded them of. One boy's brother's name is Jason. I told him about Jason and the Argonauts and how Jason was a famous hero. He replied, "Jason wasn't always a hero because sometimes he fights other good guys." In the game. Another boy proceeded to describe all the weapons a medieval soldier would carry into battle, axes and swords and crossbows and morning stars.. all at the same time. I noticed in the game Stronghold that in the Dark Ages version the otherwise acceptable stronghold has a neat line of latrines and numerous eel pond.
     I never have been an old fuddy duddy when it comes to games. I had an old Sega Genesis once and only stopped playing with it because my eyesight and it were no longer compatible. But I worry about kids' understanding of the history of the peoples of our planet. I can imagine how hard it is to teach history these days.. constantly having to correct peculiar notions of what Beowulf was about or how much of the sort of goofy magic was in a legendary hero's story.
     I don't know what I am proposing.. nothing really. The average parent is not going to be able to sit down with their kids and calmly explain that knights did or did not do this or that. So just be aware as you are writing your novels that you probably will never be able to compete for the 15 year old mind.
     However, if any game companies are interested, my novel of Anglo Saxon England is definitely available for licensing.. Ah, "An Involuntary King: The Game". Splendid.

Succession, Or A Daisy Chain of Engllish Monarchy in Novels

If you read enough historical fiction, and so much of it is about England, you begin to run across the same historical figures over and over. While reading Morgan Llewellyn's Pride of Lions I ran across both Thorfin and Macbeth, who were one and the same person in Dorothy Dunnett's King Hereafter, so I found myself awake at 3:30 this morning following a path from book to book.

I decided to list the royal succession through books I have read. Of course, one could do this by reading Jean Plaidy, whose novels stretch from (primordial) soup to (Hanoverian)nuts. But what you see below are just books I have e read. After all, this blog is called "That's All She Read" not "That's All There Is To Read"!

The Last Kingdom (etc.) by Bernard Cornwell has a protagonist who takes credit for all of those triumphs associated with Alfred the Great. I love the series, but can't forgive the author for the hatchet job on my heroine, Aethelflaed. I know the series will stretch to Uhtred's old age so chances are the Edward the Elder and perhaps even Athelstan may be featured.

I have to skip a few kings to get to the next book.

Avalon, by Anya Seton is a far ranging novel takes place during the the reigns of Edgar, his son Edward the Martyr and his other son Ethelraed, later to be called the Unready, meaning ill counseled.

Breath of Kings, by Gene Farrington covers three dynasties, starting with Ethelraed the Unready, then going on to the short reigh of Edmund Ironsides, Ethelraed's illegitimate son, and the takeover by Danes, starting by some accounts with Sveyn Forkbeard, but definitely covering the great King Canute. Canute's son by a Saxon woman to whom he was handfasted before marrying Emma was Harold Harefoot, who grabbed the throne briefly Canute had set her aside to marry Ethelraed's Norman widow Emma and Harold was succeeded by their son Hardicanute, whose death by choking on food is illlustrated in Breath of Kings. The main character of the novel, Edward the Confessor, came to the throne of his father, Ethelraed the Unready, when Canute ran out of sons.

An interlude here to acknowledge good old Macbeth.

As I mention, in Pride of Lions, the novel of Brian Boru's sons Morgan Llewellyn has a sojourn to the Scotland of Malcolm, the grandfather of the ill fated Duncan of Shakespeare's "Scottish play". There we meet the young rambunctious Duncan and Thorfin, both grandsons of the king. Mention is made of a granddaughter of the man Malcolm assassinated in order to be king, this woman married to a man named Macbeth. Dorothy Dunnett contends Thorfin was just the Norse name of Macbeth, whose name means "son of llife", and her novel, King Hereafter is about this man. I can also mention that Breath of Kings has Emma visiting Scotland and meeting Macbeth.

Pride of Lions brings in Earl Godwin of Wessex, who is prominent in Breath of Kings as well. His son Harold Godwinson shows up in the latter and in Judith Tarr's historical fantasy, Rite of Conquest. But I am getting ahead of myself.

The King's Shadow by Elizabeth Alder is an extremely affectionate novel of Harold Godwinson and a mute Welsh boy. The novel of Harold's accession to Edward the Comfessor's throne takes him to his death at the Battle of Hastings and had this Harold-lover distraught for days.

Rite of Conquest by Judith Tarr has William of Normandy the reincarnated King Arthur and Harold Godwinson the slavish defender of Christianity's effort to rob Britain of its holiness. That's all I'm gonna say about that.. except that it's a wonderful novel if you can overlook its theme -- and even I could it's that good.

Robin and the King by Parke Godwin takes over with William the Conqueror, and also gets us started with his successor William Rufus.

King of the Wood by Valerie Anand has the same take on William Rufus, that he was homosexual. It also brings in Henry, who would be "the First", the youngest son of William the Conqueror.

With The Lion of Justice this Jean Plaidy thrown in here to cover Henmry I, we go on to a spate of Sharon Kay Penmans.

When Christ and His Saints Slept takes us from the death of Henry I and the war between his nephew, Stephen of Blois, and his daughter, Maud. The first peek at Henry Fitzempress is in this novel.

That Henry, better known as Henry II, shows up again in Penman's Time and Chance, largely about Henry's wild marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine.

The third novel in this series is The Devil's Brood about their fractious and colorful children.

Here we have brought you to Richard the Lionhearted.. and a good place to break. We will return to this daisy chain in a future blog post.

Now don't freak out. I know there are lots more than the ones I have listed so far, and you should feel free to mention them in Comments below. I chose one comprehensive example for each period.